Rioja

Rioja is Spain’s most famous wine region, best known for its red wines, though it also produces whites and rosés. Rioja wines are classified by ageing, and extended time in oak gives the reds here a notable spiced character of vanilla and coconut. Most Rioja wine is based on Tempranillo, often blended with Garnacha and small amounts of Graciano. Tempranillo provides structure and fruit, Garnacha adds warmth, and Graciano brings freshness and ageing potential. Crianza wines are aged for at least one year in oak and one year in bottle. Reserva wines require a minimum of three years’ ageing, including at least one year in oak, while Gran Reserva wines are produced only in top vintages and spend at least five years maturing. The region is divided into Rioja Alavesa, Rioja Alta, and Rioja Baja. Alavesa and Alta produce elegant, Tempranillo-driven wines, while the warmer Rioja Baja focuses on Garnacha, creating richer styles. These differences give Rioja wine its range and complexity. White Rioja wine is mainly made from Viura, often blended with Malvasia or Garnacha Blanca, and newer authorised varieties such as Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc. Together, tradition and modern techniques continue to shape the diverse styles of Rioja today.